The catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to produce CH₄, also known as CO₂ methanation or the Sabatier reaction (CO₂ + 4H₂ ⇌ CH₄ + 2H₂O, ΔH₂₉₈K = −164 kJ/mol), is an exothermic reaction that is thermodynamically favored at low temperatures (approximately 200–400 °C). However, at lower temperature ranges, the reaction is subject to significant kinetic limitations, making the use of suitable catalytic systems necessary.
Sabatier reaction can be considered an alternative strategy for capturing and recycling emitted CO₂, offering significant potential for reducing fossil fuel dependence and consequently lowering atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Additionally, it can serve as a safe and efficient method for storing and transporting H2, as part of the Power-to-Gas process. This approach overcomes the safety challenges and high cost associated with H2 transport produced from renewable energy sources.
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