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Advanced functionalization of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites towards enhanced hybrid 4-terminal photo-thermal energy harvesting devices by integrating dye-sensitized solar cells and thermoelectric generators

Authors
C.K. Mytafides, L. Tzounis, C. Prouskas, I.V. Yentekakis, A.S. Paipetis
Abstract

This research demonstrates a method for integrating thermoelectric generators (TEG) and dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) within Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites. Carbon fibers, with their high conductivity and essential role in CFRP, serve effectively as counter-electrodes in DSSCs due to their suitable work function for electrolyte redox reactions. Additionally, a printed TEG is embedded within the CFRP to explore the synergistic effects of both technologies on the efficiency and performance of the hybrid energy-harvesting composite module. The photovoltaic and thermoelectric properties and efficiencies were examined both individually and in combination. Under simulated AM 1.5G sunlight (100 mW/cm2), power densities of 6.4 mW/cm2 and 5.6 mW/cm2 were achieved utilizing the commercial N719 photosensitizer on a TiO2 mesoporous photoanode, using an iodine electrolyte and CFRP’s carbon fibers as the main counter-electrode. Moreover, this setup employed platinum nanoparticles and as a comparison PEDOT:PSS/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) counter electrodes. Furthermore, the CNT-based printed TEG on CFRP generated 406 nW from the DSSC’s transmitted sunlight, creating a temperature differential across the FRP, enabling the hybrid energy-harvesting laminate composite capable to supply low-power electronics (e.g. Internet of Things − IoT) using commercially available step-up converters.

Chemical Engineering Journal. 2025, 503

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